Worldmaking in the Long Great War by Jonathan Wyrtzen

Author:Jonathan Wyrtzen
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: HIS027090, History/Wars & Conflicts/World War I, HIS026000, History/Middle East/General
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Published: 2022-08-09T00:00:00+00:00

Figure 4.2 Amir Abdullah, Herbert Samuel, T. E. Lawrence, and Gertrude Bell at the Amman aerodrome following the British proclamation about Transjordan, April 1921.

Source: American Colony Photo Department, Library of Congress.

On March 28, 1921, Churchill, Abdullah, and Herbert Samuel met in Jerusalem at Government House on the Mount of Olives. In these meetings, the British proposed to Abdullah that he be provisionally appointed amir over Transjordan. Though technically part of the Mandate for Palestine, Transjordan would be set off as a separate Arab country not under the mandate provisions supporting the creation of a national home for the Jews. Abdullah agreed and was appointed amir in April. British legal advisers amended the Palestine mandate document they were preparing for the League of Nations. Article 25 was added differentiating Transjordan. While the boundary between Palestine and Transjordan was relatively clearly demarcated by the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan River, and the Dead Sea, none of Transjordan’s other frontiers were set in 1921. The French and British had roughly sketched the border with Syria (though it would not be finalized until 1931). The southern reaches of Transjordan were more ambiguous, given the Hejaz claim on Ma‘an and Aqaba. The eastern border, where Saud’s Ikhwan forces would soon begin projecting their influence, was left completely undemarcated.

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